· ध्वखा बाहा :  · 

DhwakaBaha.

A Conservation Project

Department of Architecture · Thapathali Campus
Institute of Engineering, Tribhuvan University

HEMAVARNA MAHAVIHAR TO JWALAMAI TEMPLE SECTION

THREADS OF HERITAGE

This heritage walk follows the threads of living heritage woven through the old city that connects courtyards, crafts, stories, architecture, music and rituals. From sharing tea with locals and creating traditional ornaments to listening to legends, exploring chaityas and playing heritage instruments, each stop offers a different way to experience the past. Walk the thread. Experience the heritage!

Heritage walk map of Ason, Kathmandu, showing the route through courtyard shrines and the bahal
Heritage walk route through Ason, mapping shrine courtyards along the historic trade lanes.

Starting Point

सुरुवात विन्दु

Namaste, and welcome! You’re standing at the edge of one of the oldest living neighbourhoods in Kathmandu. Over the next few hours, we’re going to walk through spaces that are sacred: some working and some still waking up to what they could become. Along the way you’ll drink tea where locals drink theirs, try your hand at a craft that’s rarely taught outside the family line, and hear stories that have been passed down by word of mouth for generations.

नमस्ते, र स्वागत छ! तपाईं अहिले काठमाडौंको सबैभन्दा पुरानो र अझै जीवित छिमेकहरूमध्ये एउटाको किनारमा उभिनुभएको छ। आउने केही घण्टामा, हामी पवित्र ठाउँहरू हुँदै हिँड्नेछौं — कोही कामकाजी, र कोही अझै आफ्नो भविष्य खोज्दै गरेका। बाटोमा तपाईंले स्थानीयहरूले जस्तै चिया पिउनुहुनेछ, परिवारभित्रै मात्र सीमित रहने एउटा सीप आफैं जाँच्नुहुनेछ, र मौखिक कथाहरू सुन्नुहुनेछ।

This is not a museum tour; everything you’re about to see is still lived in. People cook here, pray here and work here every single day. So as we walk, please keep your voice gentle, ask questions any time and most of all- enjoy being a guest here!

यो कुनै संग्रहालय भ्रमण होइन; तपाईंले देख्न लाग्नुभएको सबै कुरा आजसम्म पनि जीवित छ। मानिसहरू यहाँ हरेक दिन खाना पकाउँछन्, पूजा गर्छन्, काम गर्छन्। त्यसैले हिँड्दा कृपया शान्त स्वरमा कुरा गर्नुहोस्, जुनसुकै बेला प्रश्न सोध्न सक्नुहुन्छ, र सबैभन्दा माथि — यहाँ पाहुना भएको महसुस गरेर रमाउनुहोस्!

Let’s begin!

(Walking towards Gambahal)

(गम्बहालतर्फ हिँड्दै)

  1. 01

    Gambahal, Hemavarna Mahavihar

    गम्बहाल, हेमवर्ण महाविहार

    We’re now entering Gumbahal, home to Hemavarna Mahavihar, one of the eighteen great Mahaviharas of old Kantipur. This Vihar has stood here for over eight hundred years, right at the crossroads of Ason and Thahity, which used to be one of the busiest trade routes in the entire Kathmandu Valley.

    "हामी अहिले गम्बहाल प्रवेश गर्दैछौं, जहाँ हेमवर्ण महाविहार अवस्थित छ — पुरानो कान्तिपुरका अठार प्रमुख महाविहारमध्ये एक। यो विहार असन र थहितीको यही चौबाटोमा आठ सय वर्षभन्दा बढी समयदेखि उभिइरहेको छ — जुन एक समय काठमाडौं उपत्यकाकै सबैभन्दा व्यस्त व्यापारिक मार्गमध्ये पर्थ्यो।

    Local memory says the very land beneath us was gifted to the Vihar’s first caretakers nearly eight centuries ago. Think about that for a second. The courtyard you’re standing on is older than most countries on the map today!

    स्थानीय स्मृति अनुसार, हामी उभिइरहेको यो जग्गा नै लगभग आठ शताब्दीअघि विहारका पहिलो संरक्षकहरूलाई दान गरिएको थियो। एक क्षण सोच्नुहोस्। तपाईं उभिइरहनुभएको यो चोक विश्वका धेरै राष्ट्रभन्दा पुरानो हो!

    Now, before we move on, take a seat. The families who grew up right here in this courtyard have started opening small tea shops in their own homes. So, we’re going to pause, have a cup of tea together, and let them tell you the rest of the Vihar’s story themselves in their own words, the way it’s always been told.

    अब अगाडि बढ्नुअघि — बस्नुहोस्। यही चोकमा हुर्केका परिवारहरूले आफ्नै घरमा साना चियापसल खोल्न थालेका छन्। त्यसैले हामी यहाँ रोकिएर सँगै एक कप चिया पिउनेछौं, र विहारको बाँकी कथा उहाँहरूबाट, उहाँहरूकै भाषामा सुन्नेछौं — जुन तरिकाले यो कथा सधैं सुनाइँदै आएको छ।"

    (Tea break + Local Rendezvous 15 minutes)

    Whenever you’re ready, let’s continue to our next stop, to a courtyard where ornaments have been shaped by hand for over a hundred years.

    "तयार हुनुभएपछि, अर्को पडावतर्फ जाऔं — जहाँ गरगहनाले एक सय वर्षभन्दा बढी समयदेखि हातैले आकार पाउँदै आएका छन् ।"

  2. 02

    Ornament making courtyard

    गहना बनाउने चोक

    Welcome to the courtyard where ornament-making has been continued as a profession for more than a hundred years. This courtyard has rung with the sound of ornament makers at work for what some people say a hundred and fifty years. Tap, Tap, Tap… that sound you’re hearing right now is the same sound this courtyard has made for generations.

    "जहाँ गहना बनाउने पेशा एक सय वर्षभन्दा बढी समयदेखि जारी छ, त्यो चोकमा स्वागत छ। कसैका अनुसार यो चोक एक सय पचास वर्षदेखि नै गहनाकारहरूको ठकठक आवाजले गुञ्जिँदै आएको छ।

    This craft is passed hand to hand- father to son, master to apprentice, which is exactly why we call it a piece of ‘intangible heritage’. You can’t put it behind glass. It only survives if it keeps being practised.

    यो सीप पुस्तौँदेखि सिकाइ, अभ्यास र हस्तान्तरणमार्फत जीवित रहँदै आएको छ—र यही निरन्तरताका कारण हामी यसलाई ‘अमूर्त सम्पदा’ भन्छौं। यसलाई काँचभित्र राख्न सकिँदैन। यो त बरु निरन्तर अभ्यास हुँदा मात्र बाँच्छ।

    And this is still very much alive. During festivals, locals still come here to have their jewellery made or repaired, just as their grandparents did.

    र यो आजसम्म पूर्णतः जीवित छ। चाडपर्वमा स्थानीयहरू आजसम्म पनि आफ्ना हजुरबा-हजुरआमाले जस्तै यहीँ गहना बनाउन र मर्मत गर्न आउँछन्।

    Now, it’s your turn. We’ve arranged a short hands-on workshop with the artisans here. You won’t become a goldsmith in twenty minutes, but you will walk away with a real feel for a craft that most outsiders never get close to.

    अब तपाईंको पालो। हामीले यहाँका कारीगरहरूसँग एउटा छोटो व्यावहारिक कार्यशालाको व्यवस्था गरेका छौं। बीस मिनेटमा तपाईं सुनार बन्नुहुने त छैन, तर धेरैले कहिल्यै नजिकबाट नछोएको एउटा सीपको वास्तविक अनुभव लिएर फर्कनुहुनेछ।"

    (Hands-on ornament making workshop. 20-25 minutes)

    Let’s move on now, to a durbar that belongs to a goddess with a truly unforgettable story.

    "अब अगाडि बढौं — साँच्चिकै अविस्मरणीय कथा बोकेकी देवीको दरबारतर्फ।"

  3. 03

    Indrayani Durbar

    इन्द्रायणी दरबार

    This is Indrayani Durbar- home to the goddess Indrayani, known here by her local name, Lunti Ajima. She is one of the eight Astamatrikas, the fierce mother goddesses who are believed to encircle and protect the old city from every direction.

    "यो हो इन्द्रायणी दरबार — इन्द्रायणी देवीको बासस्थान, जसलाई यहाँ स्थानीय नामले लुँती अजिमा भनिन्छ। उनी अष्टमातृकामध्ये एक हुन् — पुरानो सहरलाई चारैतिरबाट घेरेर रक्षा गर्छिन् भनिने आठ उग्र मातृ देवीहरू मध्ये एक।

    Let’s sit down here for a few minutes, because her story is worth hearing in full.

    केही मिनेट यहाँ बसौं — किनकि उनको कथा पूरै सुनु जस्तो छ।

    Indrayani was the daughter of Vatsala Maju, also known as Bhuvaneshwori, one of the most powerful goddesses in this valley. But, despite being born into that family, she was poor and her own mother and sisters looked down on her for it.

    इन्द्रायणी यस उपत्यकाकै सबैभन्दा शक्तिशाली देवीहरूमध्ये एक, वत्सला मजुकी छोरी हुन्। तर त्यही परिवारमा जन्मिए पनि उनी गरिब थिइन्, र आफ्नै आमा तथा दिदीबहिनीहरूबाट त्यसै कारण होच्याइन्थिन्।

    One year, at a family feast, her mother served her six sisters lavish meals on golden plates, but gave Indrayani and her children nothing but hard millet bread on leaf plates. When Indrayani asked why, she was mocked in front of everyone for her poverty.

    एक वर्ष, पारिवारिक भोजमा उनकी आमाले छ जना दिदीबहिनीलाई सुनका थालमा उत्तम परिकारहरू पस्किइन्, तर इन्द्रायणी र उनका सन्तानलाई भने पातको थालमा कडा कोदोको रोटी मात्र दिइन्। इन्द्रायणीले यसको कारण सोध्दा, सबैका सामु उनको गरिबीको खिल्ली उडाइयो।

    Heartbroken, she left without touching the food and started walking home in tears. Her children, hungry and crying, kept pulling at her, until, unable to bear it any longer, she left each of them at a different spot along the road, one by one, until she reached Lagan completely alone.

    मन दुखेकी इन्द्रायणीले खाना नछोई त्यहाँबाट हिँडिन् र रुँदै घरतर्फ लागिन्। भोकले रोइरहेका उनका सन्तानले उनलाई पछ्याउँदै तान्न थाले। अन्ततः सहन नसकेपछि उनले बाटोमा ठाउँ–ठाउँमा एक–एक जनालाई छोड्दै लगन पुग्दा एक्लै भइन्।

    There, an old woman took pity on her and handed her a single pumpkin. Indrayani carried it home, set it on the stove to cook, and broke down crying all over again, crying so hard through the night that she forgot the pot was even on the fire.

    त्यहाँ, एक वृद्धाले दयाले उनलाई एउटा फर्सी दिइन्। इन्द्रायणीले त्यो घर लगेर चुलोमा राखिन् र फेरि रुन थालिन्। रातभरि यसरी रोइन् कि चुलोमा फर्सी राखिएको कुरा नै उनले बिर्सिइन्।

    By morning, her house was filled with smoke. She rushed into the kitchen expecting to find it burnt. Instead, she found the pot overflowing with gold. It was a pot that never ran empty, no matter how much she scooped out.

    बिहान हुँदा घर धुवाँले भरिएको थियो। फर्सी जलेको होला भनी चुलोतिर दौडिँदा उनले त्यहाँ सुनले भरिएको एउटा भाँडो भेट्टाइन् — जति निकाल्दा पनि कहिल्यै रित्तिँदै नरित्तिने जादुई भाँडो।

    But, Indrayani wasn’t greedy. She took only what she needed and let the risk sink into the Bishnumati river for anyone to find. This is why, even today, that stretch of river is known locally as ‘Lu Khusi’, the gold river. And that’s exactly how she earned her new name: Luti Ajima, ‘Lu’ meaning gold in the NEwar language.

    तर इन्द्रायणी लोभी थिइनन्। उनले आफूलाई चाहिनेजति मात्र निकालिन् र बाँकी सबै विष्णुमती नदीमा डुबाइदिइन्, जोसुकैले भेट्टाओस् भनेर। त्यसैले आजसम्म पनि नदीको त्यो भाग स्थानीय भाषामा ‘लु खुसी’ — अर्थात् सुनको खोला — भनेर चिनिन्छ। यही घटनाबाट उनले नयाँ नाम पनि पाइन्: लुँती अजिमा, जहाँ नेवार भाषामा ‘लु’ भनेको सुन हो।

    Word of her sudden fortune spread fast, and the very family that had shunned her wanted her back at the table, but this time with the finest food and utensils, but Indrayani understood exactly what had changed. She took off her jewellery, placed it on the table in front of them, and told them plainly that their love was for her gold, not for her. Then, she walked away and never returned to that family’s feast again.

    उनको अचानक प्राप्त भएको धन–सम्पत्तिको खबर छिट्टै फैलियो। उनलाई बहिष्कार गरेको परिवारले नै अब उनलाई उत्तम खाना र भाँडाकुँडासहित फेरि भोजमा बोलाउन थाल्यो। तर इन्द्रायणीले उनीहरूको व्यवहारमा आएको परिवर्तन बुझिन्। उनले आफ्ना गहना फुकालेर टेबलमा राखिन् र स्पष्ट भनिन् कि उनीहरूको माया उनका लागि नभई उनका सुनका लागि थियो। त्यसपछि उनी त्यहाँबाट हिँडिन् र फेरि कहिल्यै त्यो परिवारको भोजमा फर्किनन्।

    Instead, she started her own celebration, held months apart from her mother’s, without her mother or sisters present. That very celebration is still held today, called Bala Chahre, and it’s the heart of the Indrayani Jatra you may have heard about.

    बरु, उनले आफ्नै छुट्टै उत्सव सुरु गरिन् — आमाको भोजभन्दा महिनौँअघि, आमा र दिदीबहिनीहरूबिनै। त्यही उत्सव आज पनि मनाइन्छ। यसलाई बालचह्रे भनिन्छ, र यही नै इन्द्रायणी जात्राको मूल हो, जसबारे तपाईंले सायद सुन्नुभएको होला।

    Even now, on the very first day of that festival, the doors of her temple are deliberately closed to keep out the family that once humiliated her. They only open again the next morning.

    आजसम्म पनि, जात्राको पहिलो दिन उनको मन्दिरका ढोकाहरू उनलाई अपमान गर्ने परिवारलाई भित्र आउनबाट रोक्न बन्द गरिन्छन्। ती ढोकाहरू भोलिपल्ट बिहान मात्र खोलिन्छन्।

    Nobody can say for certain who started this festival or exactly when, though many credit it to Gunakamadev, the Lichhavi king said to have founded Kathmandu itself. During the festival, there's also a rare snake oblation performed at her temple; an offering involving a pair of snakes along with fish, sparrows, and grasshoppers, a ritual otherwise seen in only a couple of other places in the valley. And on the new moon day, Indrayani is taken around the city to meet her consort, Swet Bhairav, at Chhetrapati. He used to travel to meet her in his own chariot, though that particular tradition faded away decades ago.

    यो जात्रा कसले र कहिले सुरु गरेको हो भनेर पक्का कसैलाई थाहा छैन, तर धेरैले काठमाडौं स्थापना गरेका लिच्छवि राजा गुणकामदेवलाई श्रेय दिन्छन्। जात्राको बेला उनको मन्दिरमा एक दुर्लभ सर्प-आहुति यज्ञ पनि गरिन्छ — जसमा एक जोर सर्प, माछा, भँगेरा र फट्याङ्ग्रासमेत चढाइन्छ, जुन उपत्यकाका सिमित ठाउँमा मात्र देखिने अनुष्ठान हो। र औंसीको दिन, इन्द्रायणीलाई सहर परिक्रमा गराई क्षेत्रपाटीमा उनका पति स्वेत भैरवसँग भेट गराइन्छ — पहिले स्वेत भैरव पनि आफ्नै रथमा उनलाई भेट्न आउने चलन थियो, तर त्यो परम्परा दशकौंअघि हराइसकेको छ।

    And her children? Five of them are honoured during the Jatra and brought to meet her from their own temples around the city, including one shrine we’ll visit ourselves at the very end of today’s walk of this section, to jwalamai Temple.

    र उनका सन्तान? जात्राको बेला पाँच जना सन्तानलाई सम्मान गरिन्छ, आ-आफ्नै मन्दिरबाट ल्याएर उनैसँग भेट गराइन्छ — जसमध्ये एउटा मन्दिरमा हामी आफैं यस खण्डको आजको यात्राको अन्त्यमा पुग्नेछौं — ज्वालामाई मन्दिर।

    Keep her story in mind. We’ll come back to her family a little later. For now, let’s continue to our next destination, a courtyard with chaityas that speak their own tale of time.

    उनको कथा सम्झिराख्नुहोस्। हामी उनको परिवारसँग केही बेरमै फेरि भेट्नेछौं। अब, समयको आफ्नै कथा भन्ने चैत्यहरू भएको बहालतर्फ जाऔं।"

  4. 04

    Dhwaka Baha, Henakar Mahavihar

    ध्वाखा बहा:, हेनाकार महाविहार

    We’ve now arrived at Dhwaka Baha. Local tales suggest that “Dhwaka” comes from the idea of a gateway with five doors, symbolizing multiple access points connecting roads, bahas, and nearby chowks through cross-entrances. Another explanation links the term “Dhwaka” to the concept of a central door or entrance located within the middle of the baha, which gives the settlement its distinctive spatial identity and naming tradition. This is a historic Buddhist monastic courtyard that has long served as a religious, social, and communal space within the neighborhood. Beyond its spiritual significance, the Baha traditionally supported everyday community life, with locals recalling its use for activities such as drying paddy after harvest.

    "हामी अहिले ध्वाखा बहाल पुगेका छौं। स्थानीय भनाइ अनुसार 'ध्वाखा' शब्द पाँच ढोका भएको प्रवेशद्वारको अवधारणाबाट आएको हो, जसले सडक, बहा:, र नजिकैका चोकहरूलाई क्रस-प्रवेशद्वारमार्फत जोड्ने धेरै पहुँच बिन्दुलाई जनाउँछ। अर्को व्याख्या अनुसार, 'ध्वाखा' शब्द बहा:को बीचमा रहेको मुख्य ढोका वा प्रवेशद्वारको अवधारणासँग जोडिन्छ, जसले यस बस्तीलाई आफ्नो विशिष्ट स्थानीय पहिचान र नामकरण दिन्छ। यो एउटा ऐतिहासिक बौद्ध विहारीय चोक हो, जसले छिमेकभित्र धार्मिक, सामाजिक र सामुदायिक ठाउँको रूपमा लामो समयदेखि सेवा गर्दै आएको छ। यसको आध्यात्मिक महत्त्वबाहेक, यो बहा:ले परम्परागत रूपमा दैनिक सामुदायिक जीवनलाई पनि साथ दिएको छ — स्थानीयहरूले धान सुकाउने काममा समेत यसको प्रयोग भएको सम्झना गर्छन्।

    This is Henakar Mahavihar, which holds a significant position within the traditional Buddhist monastic matrix of the Kathmandu Valley, serving as one of the 18 primary Mahavihars of Kathmandu. Look at the entrance with me. You'll see two stone lions standing guard on either side. Just above the carved wooden doorway is a beautiful arch called a torana. Think of it as a carved 'signboard' announcing which deity lives inside. This one shows a deity called Dharmadhatu Vagishvara at the center, surrounded by six other tantric deities.

    यो हेनाकार महाविहार हो, जसले काठमाडौं उपत्यकाको परम्परागत बौद्ध विहारीय संरचनाभित्र महत्त्वपूर्ण स्थान ओगटेको छ, र काठमाडौंका १८ प्रमुख महाविहारमध्ये एक हो। मसँगै प्रवेशद्वार हेर्नुहोस्। दुवैतिर दुईवटा ढुंगाका सिंह पहरा दिइरहेका देख्नुहुनेछ। काठको कुँदिएको ढोकामाथि सुन्दर एउटा तोरण छ। यसलाई भित्र कुन देवता छन् भनी जनाउने कुँदिएको 'साइनबोर्ड' जस्तो सम्झनुहोस्। यसमा बीचमा धर्मधातु वागीश्वर देवता र वरिपरि अरू छजना तान्त्रिक देवता कुँदिएका छन्।

    The main deity inside, called the kwapa-dya, meaning 'the principal god' in Newar tradition, is an image of Akshobhya Buddha, facing north. And on either side of the doorway, notice the two large stone figures that are Sariputra and Maudgalyayana, two of the closest disciples of the historical Buddha.

    भित्रको मुख्य देवता — नेवार परम्परामा 'क्वप-द्य' अर्थात् 'प्रमुख देवता' भनिने — उत्तरतिर फर्केको अक्षोभ्य बुद्धको मूर्ति हो। र ढोकाको दुवैतिर, ठूला ढुंगाका दुई मूर्ति देख्नुहोस् — ती हुन् सारिपुत्र र मौद्गल्यायन, गौतम बुद्धका दुई नजिकका शिष्यहरू।

    Now look up to the first floor. You'll see a row of five windows grouped together, called the Pasuka Jhya, with one smaller window on each side. This five-window arrangement is a classic feature you'll spot on religious buildings across the old city. Now, let’s move on to the stone Chaityas in front of this shrine. Each has its own story.

    अब पहिलो तलामा माथि हेर्नुहोस्। तपाईंले पाँचवटा झ्याल मिलेर बसेको देख्नुहुनेछ, जसलाई 'पासुका झ्या' भनिन्छ, दुवैतिर एक-एकवटा सानो झ्यालसहित। यो पाँच-झ्यालको बनावट पुरानो सहरका धार्मिक भवनहरूमा सामान्यतया भेटिने विशेषता हो। अब, यस महाविहारको अगाडि रहेका ढुंगाका चैत्यहरूतर्फ जाऔं। हरेकको आफ्नै कथा छ।

    Chaturvyuha Chaitya

    This 7th century stone chaitya wasn’t always standing here in the open. It was actually discovered buried, back in 1956, while the community was cleaning Ikha Pukhu, an old pond nearby, during Sithi nakha, an annual festival across the Kathmandu Valley dedicated to cleaning natural water sources. And here's the twist: this chaitya survived in such remarkably good condition precisely because it spent centuries buried underground, sheltered from weather, pollution, and wear. Walk around it slowly and look at each of its four sides. Each face shows a different Buddha or Bodhisattva looking outward, topped by a small carving of Amitabha Buddha in meditation, and framed by a decorative face carved above it called Kirtimukha, or 'Face of Glory', a guardian symbol you'll spot on temples all across the valley.

    Facing East: Shakyamuni Buddha, the historical Buddha
    Facing North: Vajrapani, a Bodhisattva of power and protection
    Facing West: Maitreya, the 'Buddha still to come'
    Facing South: Padmapani Avalokiteshwara, the Bodhisattva of compassion"

    यो सातौं शताब्दीको ढुंगाको चैत्य सधैं यसरी खुला ठाउँमा उभिएको थिएन। यो त १९५६ सालतिर, नजिकैको पुरानो पोखरी इखा पुखु सफा गर्दा भेटिएको थियो — सिथी नखः, काठमाडौं उपत्यकाभरि हरेक वर्ष प्राकृतिक पानीका स्रोत सफा गर्ने चाडको बेला। र रोचक कुरा के भने, यो चैत्य यति राम्रो अवस्थामा बाँचेको कारण नै हो — शताब्दीयौंसम्म भूमिगत गाडिएर, मौसम, प्रदूषण र समयको मारबाट सुरक्षित रहेकोले। यसको वरिपरि बिस्तारै हिँड्नुहोस् र यसका चारै छेउ हेर्नुहोस् — हरेक छेउमा फरक-फरक बुद्ध वा बोधिसत्व बाहिरतिर फर्किएका छन्, माथि ध्यानमग्न अवस्थाको अमिताभ बुद्धको सानो मूर्ति छ, र माथि कुँदिएको 'कीर्तिमुख' अर्थात् 'गौरवको अनुहार' नामक सजावटी अनुहारले घेरिएको छ — यो एक रक्षक चिन्ह हो जुन तपाईंले उपत्यकाभरिका मन्दिरहरूमा भेट्नुहुनेछ।

    - पूर्वतिर: शाक्यमुनि बुद्ध, ऐतिहासिक गौतम बुद्ध
    - उत्तरतिर: वज्रपाणि, शक्ति र सुरक्षाका बोधिसत्व
    - पश्चिमतिर: मैत्रेय, 'आउँदै गरेका बुद्ध'
    - दक्षिणतिर: पद्मपाणि अवलोकितेश्वर, करुणाका बोधिसत्व

    Panchavaliyukta Chaitya

    Its name simply means 'the chaitya of five layers' and if you look at it from bottom to top, each stacked tier represents one of five cosmic elements: water, lotus, jewel, fire, and space.
    It also has four Buddha images, one facing each direction but this time they represent the Five Dhyani Buddhas, five 'meditation Buddhas' central to Buddhist belief:
    Center: Vairochana
    East: Akshobhya
    South: Ratnasambhava
    West: Amitabha
    North: Amoghasiddhi"

    यसको नामको अर्थ नै 'पाँच तहको चैत्य' हो, र तल्लोदेखि माथिल्लोसम्म हेर्नुभयो भने, हरेक तहले पाँच ब्रह्माण्डीय तत्त्वमध्ये एक-एकलाई जनाउँछ: जल, पद्म, रत्न, अग्नि, र आकाश।
    यसमा पनि चारवटा बुद्ध मूर्ति छन्, हरेक दिशातिर फर्केको — तर यसपटक तिनले पञ्च ध्यानी बुद्धलाई जनाउँछन्, बौद्ध धर्मको केन्द्रमा रहेका पाँच 'ध्यानरत बुद्ध':
    - बीचमा: वैरोचन
    - पूर्वमा: अक्षोभ्य
    - दक्षिणमा: रत्नसम्भव
    - पश्चिममा: अमिताभ
    - उत्तरमा: अमोघसिद्धि

    The Lichhavi Chaitya

    This is one of the oldest chaityas, and honestly, you can tell just by looking at it. Its dome is rounded and quite worn down by time, sitting on a square stone base that still has a small niche carved into it, though that too has weathered heavily over the centuries. It dates back to the Lichhavi period, which makes it well over a thousand years old.
    This chaitya has been raised up and placed onto a new, two-stepped stone platform. It is a small but meaningful conservation step taken to protect it going forward.

    यो सबैभन्दा पुराना चैत्यहरूमध्ये एक हो, र यो हेर्दा नै थाहा हुन्छ। यसको गुम्बज गोलाकार र समयले धेरै खिइसकेको छ, र यो एउटा वर्गाकार ढुंगाको जगमा उभिएको छ, जसमा अझै सानो आला कुँदिएको छ — त्यो पनि शताब्दीऔंमा धेरै खिइसकेको छ। यो लिच्छवी कालसम्म पुग्छ, अर्थात् यो एक हजार वर्षभन्दा बढी पुरानो हो।
    यो चैत्यलाई उठाइएर नयाँ, दुई खुड्किलो भएको ढुंगे चबुतरामा राखिएको छ। यसलाई भविष्यमा सुरक्षित राख्न गरिएको एउटा सानो तर महत्त्वपूर्ण संरक्षण कदम हो।

    One last thing before we move on. Beneath the ground right here in this courtyard rests ‘Lukma Dyo’, a deity that, quite literally, stays buried for almost the entire year. The community only uncovers it on a handful of special occasions, most notably during Shivaratri, when offerings are made directly to it before it's covered over once again. It's a good reminder that not everything sacred in this city is meant to be seen all the time. Some things are kept hidden on purpose, visited only once a year."

    अगाडि बढ्नुअघि अन्तिम एउटा कुरा। यही चोकमा भुइँमुनि 'लुक्मा द्यः' विराजमान छन् — एक देवता जो लगभग पूरै वर्ष शाब्दिक रूपमै भूमिगत गाडिएर बस्नुहुन्छ। समुदायले यिनलाई केही विशेष अवसरमा मात्र निकाल्छ, विशेषगरी शिवरात्रिको बेला, जब प्रत्यक्ष यिनैलाई प्रसाद चढाइन्छ र त्यसपछि फेरि पुरिन्छ। यसले यो सम्झना दिलाउँछ कि यस सहरमा भएका सबै पवित्र कुरा सधैं देखिनका लागि होइनन्। केही कुरा जानाजानी लुकाइएका हुन्छन्, वर्षको एकपटक मात्र भेटिने गरी।"

    (Photo time among the chaityas, 15 minutes)

    Now, let’s head to a space in this courtyard that is still holding onto something very old.

    "अब, यस चोकभित्रैको एउटा ठाउँतर्फ जाऔं, जसले पुरानो कुरा समातिराखेको छ।"

  5. 05

    Sangeet Griha

    सङ्गीत गृह

    For generations, this courtyard has kept alive a tradition of playing sacred and folk instruments during festivals, processions and everyday life here. The rhythm of this place has always been musical.

    "पुस्तौंदेखि यो चोकले चाडपर्व, जात्रा र दैनिक जीवनमा पवित्र तथा लोक बाजा बजाउने परम्परालाई जीवित राख्दै आएको छ। यो ठाउँको लय सधैं सांगीतिक रहेको छ।

    This house once used to host public gatherings on any special occasion of the residents within the courtyard and its vicinity. Moreover, it was a venue to learn musical instruments. Late Buwa, homeowner, was an enthusiast and a conservation activist of music. Even though Buwa is no more, Siddharth; his grandson has been learning music at such a young age hinting at the legacy and culture being carried forward by younger generations. Rather than letting this legacy fade into memory, a permanent home was given to the legacy where anyone can walk in, see it, hear it, and even try it for themselves.

    यो घरले एक समय चोक र वरपरका बासिन्दाहरूको कुनै पनि विशेष अवसरमा सार्वजनिक भेला आयोजना गर्ने गर्थ्यो। साथै, यो बाजा सिक्ने थलो पनि थियो। यस घरका दिवंगत मालिक बुवा, सङ्गीतका शौकीन र सङ्गीत संरक्षणमा सक्रिय व्यक्ति हुनुहुन्थ्यो। बुवा अब हुनुहुन्न, तर उहाँका नाति सिद्धार्थले सानै उमेरदेखि सङ्गीत सिक्दै आउनुभएको छ — जसले यो विरासत र संस्कृति युवा पुस्ताले नै अगाडि बढाइरहेको संकेत गर्छ। यो विरासतलाई सम्झनामा मात्र सीमित हुन नदिई, यसलाई एउटा स्थायी घर दिइएको छ, जहाँ जोसुकै आएर हेर्न, सुन्न, र आफैं बजाएर हेर्न पनि सक्छन्।

    This Sangeet Griha will let you do exactly that; to pick up traditional instruments and play them yourselves, along a display collection preserving the instruments of the past. Let is spend some time here now, hearing about the musical legacy of this courtyard and trying a few yourselves.

    यो सङ्गीत गृहमा तपाईं ठ्याक्कै त्यही गर्न पाउनुहुनेछ — पारम्परिक बाजाहरू आफैं उठाएर बजाउन, साथै विगतका बाजाहरू संरक्षित गरिएको प्रदर्शनी हेर्न। अब यहाँ केही समय बिताऔं — यस चोकको सांगीतिक विरासतबारे सुन्दै, र आफैं केही बजाएर हेर्दै।"

    (Hands-on instrument session+ display viewing; 30 minutes)

    Now, we have one last stop before we reach the bustle of Ason that ties back to the story you already know.

    "अब, असनको चहलपहल पुग्नुअघि हामीसँग एउटा अन्तिम पडाव बाँकी छ — जुन तपाईंले पहिल्यै सुनिसक्नुभएको कथासँग जोडिन्छ।"

  6. 06

    Jwalamai temple

    ज्वालामाई मन्दिर

    This temple is Jwalamai temple. Remember the story of Luti Ajima we heard back at Indrayani Durbar, about the children she had to leave along the road that heartbroken night? Jwalamai is one of those five children, brought each year during the Indrayani Jatra to be reunited with her mother. That's how closely these two shrines, and these two stories, are woven together.

    "यो मन्दिर ज्वालामाई मन्दिर हो। इन्द्रायणी दरबारमा सुनेको लुँती अजिमाको कथा सम्झनुहोस् — त्यो हृदयविदारक रातमा उनले बाटोमा छोड्नुपरेका सन्तानहरू? ज्वालामाई ती पाँच सन्तानमध्ये एक हुन्, जसलाई हरेक वर्ष इन्द्रायणी जात्राको बेला आमासँग पुनर्मिलन गराउन ल्याइन्छ। यसैले यी दुई मन्दिर, र यी दुई कथा, कति नजिकबाट गाँसिएका छन् भनी देखिन्छ।

    Let's sit here on the Dabali for a few minutes. This is where I'll tell you a little more about her, and her place in that family's story.

    यहाँ डबलीमा केही मिनेट बसौं। यहीँबाट म तपाईंलाई उनको बारेमा अलि थप र परिवारको यो कथामा उनको स्थानबारे बताउनेछु।

    Jwalamai Temple stands here in Tyauda, right at the edge of Ason's centuries-old market. Take a moment to look up at it — it's a beautiful three-storey temple in classic medieval Nepali style, likely dating back to around the 16th century, crowned with a golden pinnacle and covered in some of the most intricately carved wooden frames, struts, and doors you'll see on this entire walk.

    ज्वालामाई मन्दिर यहाँ त्यौडामा, असनको शताब्दीऔं पुरानो बजारको ठीक किनारमा उभिएको छ। एक क्षण माथि हेर्नुहोस् — यो मध्यकालीन नेपाली शैलीको सुन्दर तीन तले मन्दिर हो, सम्भवतः लगभग सोह्रौं शताब्दीदेखिको, जसको टुप्पोमा सुनको गजुर छ र यस पूरै यात्रामा तपाईंले देख्ने सबैभन्दा सूक्ष्म रूपमा कुँदिएका काठका फ्रेम, टेवा र ढोकाहरूले ढाकिएको छ।

    The goddess enshrined here is considered an incarnation of Parvati, and locally, she's known as Jwala Ajima, which translates to something like 'mother goddess' or 'grandmother.' She's especially trusted here as a protector against fire, believed to guard this neighbourhood from fire-related destruction, and she's also known to look after children and people with disabilities.

    यहाँ विराजमान देवीलाई पार्वतीकै अवतार मानिन्छ, र स्थानीय रूपमा उनलाई ज्वाला अजिमा भनिन्छ, जसको अर्थ 'मातृ देवी' वा 'हजुरआमा' जस्तै हुन्छ। उनी विशेषगरी आगोबाट रक्षा गर्ने देवीका रूपमा भरपर्दो मानिन्छिन् — यो छिमेकलाई आगलागीको विनाशबाट जोगाउने विश्वास गरिन्छ — र उनी बालबालिका र अपाङ्गता भएका व्यक्तिहरूको हेरचाह गर्ने देवीका रूपमा पनि चिनिन्छिन्।

    And here's where her story ties back to what we heard at Indrayani Durbar. According to local legend, Jwalamai is the second daughter of Indrayani herself, which is exactly why she's one of the five children brought here every year during the Indrayani Jatra, to be reunited with her mother.

    र यहीँबाट उनको कथा इन्द्रायणी दरबारमा सुनेको कुरासँग जोडिन्छ। स्थानीय मान्यता अनुसार, ज्वालामाई इन्द्रायणीकी दोस्रो छोरी हुन् — र यही कारणले उनी हरेक वर्ष इन्द्रायणी जात्राको बेला आमासँग पुनर्मिलनका लागि ल्याइने पाँच सन्तानमध्ये एक हुन्।

    Unfortunately, this temple hasn’t had an easy few years. It was damaged during the 2015 earthquake, and it’s worth remembering that heritage like this survives only when people choose to care for it.

    दुर्भाग्यवश, यो मन्दिरका लागि विगत केही वर्ष सजिलो रहेनन्। सन् २०१५ को भूकम्पमा यो मन्दिर क्षतिग्रस्त भएको थियो। यहाँ उभिँदा यो बुझिन्छ कि यस्तो सम्पदा आफैं संरक्षित हुँदैन — यो त मानिसहरूले वास्ता गर्दा मात्र बाँच्छ।

    And with that, our portion of the walk comes to its natural end right at the edge of Ason Chowk. From sacred courtyards to working craftsmen, from a goddess's golden pumpkin to instruments waiting to be played again, I hope this walk showed you a side of the old city that most people simply walk past without ever noticing.

    Thank you for walking with us today. Namaste, and enjoy the rest of your walk.

    आज हामीसँग हिँड्नुभएकोमा धन्यवाद। नमस्ते, र तपाईंको बाँकी यात्रा रमाइलो होस्।"

Audio Guide

A short narrated walk through the baha, for listening on site.

Threads of Heritage — Narrated Guide
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Credits

Project

Group B4
Conservation Studio
Year V, Part-I
Batch 078

Institution

Department of Architecture
Thapathali Campus
Institute of Engineering
Tribhuvan University

Location

Dhwaka Baha
Kathmandu Metropolitan City
Nepal